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Summary

First-of-its-Kind Report Ranks U.S. States Based on Recycling Performance; Finds Data, Policy and Infrastructure Investment Critical to Improve Recycling Rates

Report Highlights

A recent report by international environment consultancy Eunomia, with support from Ball Corporation (NYSE: BLL), offers the first state-by-state comparison of recycling rates for the most commonly used containers and packaging materials in the United States: "The 50 States of Recycling: A State-by-State Assessment of Containers and Packaging Recycling Rates."

The report, which assessed plastic bottles and trays, glass bottles and jars, aluminum cans, steel cans and cardboard and boxboard, finds that data, policy and infrastructure investment are critical to improving recycling rates. The report used 2018 data sourced from the EPA, states, counties, municipalities, sorting facilities and material processors.

Key findings include:

• Not all recycling is created equal, and we should prioritize recycling of materials that have the greatest potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the highest value for creating new products.
• Collection and recycling are not synonymous, as the quantity of material collected for recycling today is often far greater than what is actually processed and recycled into new products with non-recyclable contaminants making the entire system less effective.
• Recycling policies, such as a Deposit Return System (DRS), or "bottle bill," and investment in infrastructure, such as curbside collection, are crucial to effective recycling systems.
• Overall, the states that have more comprehensive and current recycling data along with a state-driven reporting system achieve higher recycling rates, demonstrating the importance of accurate measurement in moving the U.S. towards a more circular economy.

The report is intended to set a baseline in each state that can be leveraged to inform policy, design programs and assess infrastructure proposals and improvements. This study takes a bottom-up approach to estimating recycling rates, analyzing what is found in the waste stream based on published state and municipality data to estimate generation and recycling. Importantly, the report focuses on recycling rates based on the actual material reprocessed or "upcycled" into new products, rather than the collection rate, the more commonly used standard of measurement. By taking actual material reprocessed into new products as the point of measurement, the recycling rate is more representative of a material's true circularity and accounts for material losses at the sorting and processing stage.

The study found the 10 states with the highest recycling rate for common containers and packaging materials (CCPM) excluding cardboard and boxboard in 2018 are: Maine (72%); Vermont (62%); Massachusetts (55%); Oregon (55%); Connecticut (52%); New York (51%); Minnesota (49%); Michigan (48%); New Jersey (46%); and Iowa (44%).

The 10 states with the lowest recycling rate for CCPM (excluding cardboard and boxboard) in 2018 are: New Mexico (13%); Texas (13%); Alabama (11%); Oklahoma (10%); Mississippi (8%); South Carolina (8%); Tennessee (7%); Alaska (6%); Louisiana (4%); and West Virginia (2%).

Among the other highlights in the report:

• Of the top 10 recycling states:
  • 7 have good data quality, availability and state reporting systems.
  • 8 have a Deposit Return System (DRS) or "bottle bill."
  • 8 have higher landfill disposal costs on a per ton basis.
• Low-value cardboard and boxboard makes up 73% of the recycling waste stream.
• Recycling one ton of aluminum has 3x the GHG reduction benefit compared to recycling one ton of cardboard.
• More effective waste management policies could reduce global CO2 emissions by up to 5% – the equivalent of grounding all commercial flights globally and taking 65% of cars off the road for a year.
• 9 of the top 10 states with the highest recycling rates for PET bottles and aluminum cans are states with a DRS and curbside recycling infrastructure.
• 3.5x more PET and 3x more aluminum is recycled in DRS states than in non-DRS states.
• Only 32% of non-bottle PET (such as clamshells) collected is estimated to be recycled across the 50 U.S. states.

To view the full report and download fact sheets, visit www.Ball.com/RealCircularity. The full report is also available for download on the Eunomia website.

About Ball Corporation

Ball Corporation supplies innovative, sustainable aluminum packaging solutions for beverage, personal care and household products customers, as well as aerospace and other technologies and services primarily for the U.S. government. Ball Corporation and its subsidiaries employ 21,500 people worldwide and reported 2020 net sales of $11.8 billion. For more information, visit www.ball.com, or connect with us on Facebook or Twitter.

About Eunomia

Established in 2001, Eunomia Research & Consulting ('Eunomia') is an international environmental consultancy dedicated to adding value to organisations through the delivery of improved outcomes. Eunomia has over 100 employees, with offices in Bristol, London, Manchester, Brussels, Athens, New York and Auckland. Working throughout the UK, other EU Member States and beyond, Eunomia's consultants have experience and expertise in environmental, technical and commercial disciplines. For more information about Eunomia, please visit www.eunomia.co.uk